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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Essex |government_footnotes = 〔 |government_type = Faulkner Act Small Municipality |governing_body = Township Council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = James Gasparini (term ends December 31, 2017)〔(2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory ), New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 10, 2015.〕 |leader_title1 = Administrator |leader_name1 = Joseph Catenaro〔(Administration ), Fairfield Township. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 |leader_title2 = Clerk |leader_name2 = Denise Cafone〔(Municipal Clerk / Registrar ), Fairfield Township. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = February 16, 1798 (as Caldwell Township) |established_title2 = Renamed |established_date2 = November 6, 1963 (as Fairfield Township) |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = 〔(2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.〕 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 27.093 |area_land_km2 = 26.667 |area_water_km2 = 0.426 |area_total_sq_mi = 10.460 |area_land_sq_mi = 10.296 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.164 |area_water_percent = 1.57 |area_rank = 206th of 566 in state 4th of 22 in county〔 |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_footnotes = 〔("2010 Census Populations: Essex County" ), ''Asbury Park Press''. Accessed November 5, 2012〕〔(DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Fairfield township, Essex County, New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕〔〔(Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Fairfield township ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 |population_total = 7466 |population_rank = 307th of 566 in state 19th of 22 in county〔(GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = 725.1 |population_density_rank = 411th of 566 in state 22nd of 22 in county〔 |population_est = 7551 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern (EDT) |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = 〔, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.〕 |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 174 |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |coordinates_region = US-NJ |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_footnotes = 〔〔(US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |latd = 40.882508 |longd = -74.304594 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 07004〔(Look Up a ZIP Code for Fairfield, NJ ), United States Postal Service. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕〔(Zip Codes ), State of New Jersey. Accessed October 10, 2013.〕 |area_code = 973〔(Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Fairfield, NJ ), Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 10, 2013.〕 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 3401322385〔〔(American FactFinder ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕〔(A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey ), Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed October 28, 2012.〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1729722〔〔(US Board on Geographic Names ), United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |website = |footnotes = }} Fairfield is a township in far northwestern Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 7,466,〔〔〔 reflecting an increase of 403 (+5.7%) from the 7,063 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 552 (-7.2%) from the 7,615 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 Fairfield is the least densely populated town in Essex County.〔 The first Europeans to settle in the area were Dutch and the place was called Gansegat. Later it was part of Horse Neck and officially part of Newark Township. What is now Fairfield was formed on February 16, 1798, as Caldwell Township from portions of Acquackanonk Township and Newark Township. The area was named for Rev. James Caldwell. It was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. Portions of the township were taken to create Livingston (February 8, 1813), Fairmount Township (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), Caldwell borough (February 10, 1892), Verona Township (February 17, 1892, now known and including what is now Cedar Grove), North Caldwell (March 31, 1898), Essex Fells (March 31, 1902) and West Caldwell (February 24, 1904). On November 6, 1963, Caldwell Township was renamed as Fairfield Township, based on the results of a referendum passed the previous day. Fairfield was reincorporated as borough on June 8, 1964.〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 126. Accessed October 25, 2012.〕 In 1978, the borough passed a referendum reincorporating itself as a township, becoming the second of more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.〔("Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification" ), p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.〕〔("Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments" ), Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."〕〔Narvaez, Alfonso A. ("New Jersey Journal" ), ''The New York Times'', December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."〕 ==History== The Dutch initially settled the area near the bottomlands of the Passaic River in 1669 after purchasing it from the Native Americans naming it Gansegat which is Dutch for duck's pond.〔Poekel Jr., Charles A. ''West Essex: Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell and Roseland'', Arcadia Publishing, 1999, 2004〕 Fairfield was part of the Horseneck Tract, which was an area that consisted of what are now the municipalities of Caldwell, West Caldwell, North Caldwell, Fairfield, Verona, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Roseland, and portions of Livingston and West Orange. In 1702, settlers purchased the Horseneck Tract — the reason for this name has never been determined, but historians agree that it is not because of its shape — from the Lenape Native Americans for goods equal to $325. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the First Mountain to the Passaic River. The Van Ness House, constructed in 1720, is a historic home added in 1977 to the National Register of Historic Places.〔(Van Ness, Peter, Farmhouse, Fairfield Rd., FAIRFIELD VIC., Essex County, NJ. ), Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey. Accessed October 10, 2013.〕 The Fairfield Dutch Reformed Church dates back to 1720, and its current structure is another historic site, built in 1804.〔(A Brief History of Fairfield Reformed Church ), Reformed Church of America. Accessed October 10, 2013. "At the turn of the century it was decided to erect a new church building 1/2 mile north of the old one. Made of brownstone from a Little Falls quarry, the new structure was constructed in 1804. Several decades later a tall white steeple and a balcony were added.Today the congregation continues to worship in the same historic building and the tall white steeple remains physically prominent in the community."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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